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Upperthorpe is a suburb of the City of Sheffield, England. It lies two km west of the city centre. It is an area of residential housing and is bounded by the suburbs of Walkley to the north, Crookes to the west and Netherthorpe to the south. ==History== The date of the first settlement in the Upperthorpe area is not clear; the name itself is a combination of the Danish word “thorpe” meaning ''“outlying farmstead”'' and a surname which was the Middle English word for a cooper.〔''"The Ancient Suburbs of Sheffield"'', J. Edward Vickers, no ISBN, Page 39, States Upperthorpe is a Viking village.〕 This means that the settlement was founded at a time when both Viking and Old English words had been integrated into local speech giving a founding date in the 9th or 10th century. By 1383 the settlement was known as ''Hoperthorpe'' which gradually evolved into Upperthorpe over the centuries.〔''"A History of Sheffield"'', David Hey, Carnegie Publishing Ltd, ISBN 1 85936 110 2, Page 13, 132 & 217, Gives history of name, reservoirs and tanning.〕 By the middle of the 16th century tanning had become a major industry within Upperthorpe with the Rawsons, an ancient Hallamshire family, setting up tanning pits in the area. Their business flourished over the years and they also established tanneries at nearby Walkley and Philadelphia. The industry started to falter in the 19th century and eventually lost out to more established tanning areas in Walsall and Leeds.〔''"A History of Sheffield"'', David Hey, Carnegie Publishing Ltd, ISBN 1 85936 110 2, Pages 13, 132 & 217, Gives history of name, reservoirs and tanning.〕〔( Rotherham Web. ) Gives details of Rawson family.〕 Upperthorpe was the location of the first reservoir to supply water to Sheffield. In 1712 John Goodwin and Robert Littlewood were appointed by the town trustees and the Duke of Norfolk to pipe water from springs at the White House, Upperthorpe to Townhead in the centre of Sheffield. In 1737 they were joined by Joshua Matthewman and the first of several reservoirs was built. By the late 1780s the water from the Upperthorpe dams was insufficient to supply the growing town of Sheffield and a new chain of reservoirs was built at Crookesmoor.〔 Upperthorpe remained mainly a farming settlement with the first sign of the encroachment of Sheffield town being the building of Sheffield Royal Infirmary on Upperthorpe Meadows, then half a mile outside the town. The Infirmary opened for patients on 4 October 1797 and received a very good supply of clean water from the Spring Vale stream which flowed down from the vicinity of Crookes village; the stream continued to supply the hospital until 1861.〔''"A Popular History of Sheffield"'', J. Edward Vickers, Applebaum Bookshop, ISBN 0 906787 04 1, Pages 107, Gives details of Royal Infirmary.〕 By the 1820s Upperthorpe was becoming ''“a pleasant and favourable residential district”''. In 1826 John Blake, who was to become Master Cutler in 1831, built Upperthorpe Villa, a stone built house with porch at 22 Blake Grove Road; the house still stands today and is a grade II listed building. The nearby Blake Street, the steep road which leads to Walkley and the Blake Hotel public house are named after John Blake who died in the cholera outbreak of 1832. Ebenezer Elliott, the Corn Law Rhymer lived at Upperthorpe Villa between 1834 and 1841, a fact marked by a blue plaque on the building. House building continued in the area in the late 1840s with the Birkendale Freehold Land Society building a development of detached and semi detached villas on an area of over nine acres. Each villa had a plot of land of one rood (quarter of an acre) and were occupied mainly by steel industry craftsmen and their families with the original occupants including scissors, spring knife and cutlery manufacturers. Today the Birkendale neighbourhood is a conservation area with 65 houses in total.〔( Birkendale. ) Gives details of Birkendale Freehold Land Society.〕 Sir Stuart Goodwin (1886-1969) founder of the Neepsend Steel and Tool Corporation was born at 120 Upperthorpe; he was one of Sheffield’s top industrialists in the inter war period. He later became one of the City’s most renowned patrons, funding Sheffield’s Christmas illuminations for many years and the Goodwin Sports Centre, he is commemorated by the Goodwin Fountain in the Peace Gardens.〔''"Steel City: Entrepreneurship, Strategy and Technology in Sheffield 1743-1993"'', Geoffrey Tweedale, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0 19 828866 2, Gives details of Stuart Goodwin.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Upperthorpe, Sheffield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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